|
jkpoupd; Njrpaj; jpUehshd ijg;nghq;fy; ehs; Fwpj;Jg; gy
fUj;Jf;fis> tuyhw;W topahfTk;> tho;tpay; topahfTk;> gz;ghl;L topahfTk;>
~gz;ila fhyf; fzf;F Kiw| topahfTk; Kd;itj;Jj; ju;;f;fpg;gJNt ,e;jf;
fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhFk;. jkpoPoj;jpYk;> jkpo; ehl;bYk; kl;Lkd;wp> cyfshtpa
tifapy; ,d;W Gyk; ngau;e;jpl;l jkpo; kf;fSk; ijg;nghq;fy; jpUehisf;
nfhz;lhLfpd;w ,f;fhy fl;lj;jpy; ,t;tifahd ju;f;fq;fs; gy Mf;fG+u;tkhd
rpe;jidfisf; fpsu;e;njor; nra;J mtw;iwr; nraw;gl itg;gjw;Fk; cjtf;$Lk;!
'nghq;fy;" vd;fpd;w goe;jkpo;r; nrhy;Yf;F cupa mu;j;jq;fs;jhd; vd;d?
nghq;Fif>
ngUq;Nfhgk;> kpsF-rPufk;-cg;G-nea;> Kjypad fye;J ,l;l md;dk;> cau;r;rp>
gUik> kpFjp> fs;> fpsu;jy;> rikj;jy;> nghypjy; vd;W gy nghUl;fisj; jkpo;
nkhopafuhjpAk;> jkpo;g; NgufuhjpAk; jUfp;d;wd. mj;NjhL ,d;DnkhU nghUSk;
jug;gLfpd;wJ.
~#upad; kfuuhrpapy; gpuNtrpf;Fk; ehshd ij khj Kjw;Njjpad;W #upaid topgl;Lg;
nghq;fy; epNtjdk; nra;Ak; jpUtpoh|-
vd;w nghUSk;> nghq;fy; vd;w nrhy;Yf;Fj; jug;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;jg; nghUSf;F cs;Ns>
gy Kf;fpakhd tplaq;fs; nghjpe;jpUg;gij ehk; fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ.
mjhtJ nghq;fy; jpUtpoh vd;gJ jkpo; kf;fs; tho;tpy; tuyhw;W uPjpahf> xU
gz;ghl;L mq;fkhf> mtu;fsJ tho;tpaypy; jpfOfpd;w jpUtpohthf ,Ue;J te;Js;sJ
vd;gJ Gydhfpd;wJ. mj;NjhL gz;ilj; jkpou;fs; ,aw;ifapd; fhyf;fzf;iff; fzpj;J>
rupahf ve;j ehspy; ijj;jpUehisf; nfhz;lhl Ntz;Lk; vd;gijAk;
mwpe;jpUe;jhu;fs; vd;gijAk; ehk; mwpaf; $bajhf cs;sJ.
,jidr; rw;W Mokhff; ftdpg;Nghk;.
gz;ilj; jkpod; ,aw;ifia tzq;fp> ,aw;ifNahL xd;wpize;J tho Kide;jtd; Mthd;!
jd;Dila tho;f;iff; fhyj;jpy; tpj;jpahrkhd fhyg;gUtq;fs; Njhd;WtijAk; mit
kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; njhlu;e;J tUtijAk; jkpod; mtjhdpj;jhd;. xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhyr;
Nru;itapy;> kio> ntapy;> Fspu;> gdp> njd;wy;> thil> Mfpait khwp khwpj;
Njhd;wp> jkpodpd; tho;it Mz;L te;jjhy; ,e;jf; fhyr; Nru;itiaj; jkpod;
~Mz;L|
vd;W mioj;jhd; - vd;W mwpQu; ntq;fl;uhkd; vd;ghu; $Wthu;.
jkpofj;jpy; thdpaypy; Nju;r;rp ngw;w mwpQu;fis ~mwptu;> gzp> fzpad;| -vd
mioj;jhu;fs;. %tiff; fhyKk; newpapdhw;Wk; ~mwptu;fs;| Fwpj;Jj;
njhy;fhg;gpau; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;. muru;fSila mitfspy; ~ngUq; fzpau;fs;|
,Ue;jjhfr; rpyg;gjpfhuKk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpYk;> rq;f
E}y;fspYk; njd;gLfpd;w thdpaw; nra;jpfs; KOikahf cUg;ngw;wikf;Fg; gy Mapuk;
Mz;Lfs; Njitg;gl;bUf;Fk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy. mj;NjhL Mupau;fsJ CLUtYf;F
Kd;dNuNa jkpou;fs; thdpaypy; ngupa mstpy; Kd;Ndwp ,Ue;jdu; vd;W gy; ehl;L
mwpQu;fSk; $wpAs;shu;fs;. Nky;ehl;L mwpQuhd rpNyl;lu; vd;gtu; ~jkpoUila
thdEhw; fzpj KiwNa tof;fpy; cs;s vy;yhf; fzpjq;fspYk; epjhdkhdJ| vd;W
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;. jkpofj;Jg; gujtu;fs; jpq;fspd; epiyiaf; nfhz;L re;jpukhdf;
fhyj;ijf; fzpj;jdu; vd;Wk;> jkpofj;J cotu;fs; #upad;> jpq;fs; Mfpatw;wpd;
,af;fq;fisAk; gUtq;fisAk; kpfj; njspthf mwpe;jpUe;jdu; vd;Wk; Ma;Tfs;
njuptpf;fpd;wd.
(A Social History of the Tamils-Part 1)
jkpou;fs; ,aw;ifia Mjhukhff; nfhz;L> fhyj;ijg; gFj;jhu;fs;. xU ehisf;$l MW
rpW nghOJfshfj; jkpou;fs; md;Nw gFj;J itj;jhu;fs;. ~itfiw> fhiy> ez;gfy;>
Vw;ghL> khiy> ahkk;| vd;W mtw;iw gFj;J mioj;jhu;fs;. mJ kl;Lky;y> me;j MW
rpW nghOJfspd; njhFg;igAk; mWgJ ehopiffshfg; gFj;Jf; fzf;fpl;lhu;fs;. mjhtJ
xU ehspy; MW rpWnghOJfs; cs;sd. me;j MW rpW nghOJfs; foptjw;F mWgJ ehopifs;
vLf;fpd;wd vd;W jkpou;fs; gz;ilf; fhyj;jpy; fzf;fpl;lhu;fs;. xU ehopif vd;gJ
jw;Nghija 24 epkplq;fisf; nfhz;ljhFk;.
mjhtJ gz;ilf; fhyj;jkpou;fsJ xU ehl;nghOjpd; mWgJ ehopiffs; vd;gd jw;Nghija
fzf;fPlhd 1>440 epkplq;fNshL - mjhtJ 24 kzpj;jpahyq;fNshL - mr;nrhl;lhfg;
nghUe;Jfpd;wd. jkpou;fs; xU ehl; nghOij> jw;Nghija etPd fhyj;ijAk; tpl>
md;Nw kpf El;gkhff; fzpj;J itj;jpUe;jhu;fs; vd;gNj cz;ikAkhFk;.
ijg;nghq;fy; jpdj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijf; fhl;Lfpd;w jkpou;fspd; Mz;Lg; gFg;ig
mLj;Jf; ftdpg;Nghk;.
gpd;dhspy; te;j Mupau;fs; Xu; Mz;il ehd;F gUtq;fshf kl;Lk;jhd; tFj;jhu;fs;.
Mdhy; gz;ilf;fhyj; jkpou;fNsh> jkf;Fupa Mz;il> me;j Mz;Lf;Fupa jkJ tho;it>
MW gUtq;fshf tFj;jpUe;jhu;fs;.
1. ,sNtdpy; - (ij-khrp khjq;fSf;FupaJ)
2. KJNtdpy; - (gq;Fdp - rpj;jpiu khjq;fSf;FupaJ)
3. fhu; - (itfhrp - Mdp khjq;fSf;FupaJ)
4. $jpu; - (Mb - Mtzp khjq;fSf;FupaJ.)
5. Kd;gdp - (Gul;lhrp - Ig;grp khjq;fSf;FupaJ)
6.
gpd;gdp -
(fhu;j;jpif
- khu;fop khjq;fSf;FupaJ)
(,ijj;
jtpu> Xu; Mzpd; tho;f;iff; fhyj;ij> xU ngz;zpd; tho;f;iff; fhyj;ij> Vd; xU
kyupd; tho;f;iff; fhyj;ijf; $lj; jkpod; gy fhyj; njhFjpfshf tFj;J
itj;Js;shd; vd;gjhdJ ,d;DnkhU jsj;jpw;Fupa Ma;Tf; fUj;Jf;fshFk;!)
fhyj;ij> mWgJ ehopififshfTk;> MW rpW nghOJfshfTk;> MW gUtq;fshfTk; gFj;j
gz;ilj; jkpod; jd;Dila Gj;jhz;L tho;it ,sNtdpw; fhyj;jpy;jhd;
njhlq;Ffpd;whd;. ,q;Nf xU kpf Kf;fpakhd tplaj;ij Neau;fs; fUj;jpy; nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;! gz;ghl;Lg; ngUik nfhz;l kw;iwa gy ,dj;jtu;fSk;> jq;fSila Gj;jhz;L
tho;it> jq;fSila ,sNtdpw; fhyq;fspy;jhd; Muk;gpf;fpd;whu;fs;. jkpou;fs;
kl;Lky;y> rPdu;fSk;> [g;ghdpau;fSk;> nfhupau;fSk;> kQ;#upau;fSk; vd> gy Nfhb
,d kf;fs; - njhd;ikahd gz;ghl;L tho;tpidf; nfhz;l ngUik tha;e;j kf;fs;-
jq;fSila ,sNtdpw; fhyj;ijNa jkJ Gj;jhz;lhff; nfhz;lhb tUfpd;whu;fs;.
jkpoh;fs; kl;Lky;y> cyfj;jpy; gy Nfhb Ntw;W ,d kf;fSk; jj;jkf;Fhpa ,sNtdpw;
fhyj;ijNa Gj;jhz;lhf nfhz;lhb tUtjhf Fwpg;gpl;bUe;Njhk;. cjhuzj;jpw;fhf
([)ag;ghdpa kf;fspd; Gj;jhz;il> jkpoh;fspd; Gj;jhz;lhd nghq;fy; jpUehNshL
xg;gpl;Lg; ghh;g;Nghk;.
jkpoh;-ag;ghdpa gz;ghl;L xw;Wik epiyia ntspg;gLj;Jk; eilKiwahfj;
ijg;nghq;fy; tpsq;FfpwJ. ag;ghdpah; ij 14 Mk; ehs; gioa gad;ghl;Lg;
nghUl;fis vhpg;ghh;fs;. jkpoh;fSk; mt;thNw nra;fpd;whh;fs;.
ij 15
Mk; ehs; ag;ghdpah;fSk;> jkpoh;fs; Nghd;W Njhuzq;fisj; njhq;ftpl;L GJePh;
ms;sp> gUg;Gr; Nrh;j;J rikj;j nghq;fiyg; ghpkhWfpd;whh;fs;. jkpoh;fs;
nghq;fy; ghidapy; ghy; nghq;Fk; NghJ ~nghq;fNyh nghq;fy;| vd;W kfpo;r;rp
Muthuk; nra;thh;fs;. mNj Nghy; ag;ghdpah; jkJ Gj;jhz;lhd ij 15 Mk; ehspy;
FONKARA -
FONKARA
- vd;W kfpo;r;rp Muthuk; nra;thh;fs;.
ij 16 Mk; ehs; gzpahsh;fSf;Fg; Gj;jhil toq;fy;> Kd;Ndhh;f;Fg; gilay;
nra;jy;> fiy epfo;r;rpfis epfo;j;jy;> khLfSf;F cztspj;jy; Nghd;w
fhhpaq;fisj; jkpoh;fs; nra;tJ NghyNt ag;ghdpah;fSk; nra;fpwhh;fs;.
gUg;Gj; jtpL nghq;f - nghq;f
mhprpj; jtpL nghq;f - nghq;f
-vd;w fUj;Jg;glg; ghlg;gLk; ag;ghdpa tha; nkhopg; ghlypy; ~nghq;f-nghq;f|
vd;w nrhw;fSf;F ag;ghdpa nkhopapy;
‘HONGA-HONGA’
vd;Nw
ghLfpwhh;fs;.
,ilapy; jkpod; kl;Lk; khwp tpl;lhd;! Mste;j Mupau;fspd; mbikahf khwpaJ
kl;Lky;yhJ> ,d;Wk; $l Mupau;fspd; gz;biffshd rpj;jpiu tUlg;gpwg;G> jPghtsp
Nghd;w gz;biffis> jd; ,dj;Jg; gz;biffshf vz;zp kaq;fpg; Ngha;f;
fplf;fpd;whd;.
,it Fwpj;J Nguhrpaupau; f.ngh.,uj;jpdk; mtu;fs; fPo; tUkhW md;W
$wpapUe;jhu;.
'rpj;jpiu tUlg;gpwg;G"
vd;gJ rhypthfdd; vd;w tlehl;L murdhy; gpd;dhspy; epiyehl;lg;gl;lJ. ,e;j
murDf;F Kd;du; gy;yhapuk; Mz;Lfshf eaj;jf;f ehfupfj;Jld; tho;e;j jkpo;
kf;fs; jk; ehl;Lg; ngUkfd; xUtDld; ,ize;j njhlu; Mz;il epiy ehl;l KayhjJ
ngUk; tpe;ijahf cs;sJ..........
(rpj;jpiu tUlg; gpwg;ig) tuNtw;W> (mjd; %yk;) jkpopdj;jpd; goikiaAk;>
gz;igAk;> rpwg;igAk;> nry;thf;ifAk; (,d;iwa jkpou;fs;) rpijj;J te;Js;sik
ngUk; ntl;fj;jpw;F ,lkhdjhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. jkpo; kf;fspilNa epfo;e;j
khdf;Nflhd> eifg;Gf;fplkhd nray; ,J xd;W kl;Lk;jhdh? - jkpo; kf;fspd;
Nfhtpy;fspNy ,d;W jkpo; nkhopAk;> jkpo; ,irAk; xJf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
- vd;W
Nguhrpupau; f.ngh. ,uj;jpdk; mtu;fs; kpff; fLikahf tpku;rpj;J ,Ue;jhu;.
jkpou;fspd; Njrpaj; jpUehshd ijg;nghq;fy; jpdj;ij jkpou;fSila gz;ilf;
fhyj;jpypUe;Nj tuyhw;W topahfTk;> tho;tpay; topahfTk;;> gz;ghl;L topahfTk;>
thdpay; mwpT topahfTk; jkpou;fs; ,dk; fz;L mwpe;Jzu;e;J nfhz;lhb
te;Js;shu;fs; vd;gijAk; ehk; ju;f;fpj;jNjhL> Mupau;fs; vk;kPJ jpzpj;j
rpj;jpiu tUlg; gpwg;G Fwpj;Jk; ehk; rpy fUj;Jf;fisj; njuptpj;jjw;Ff;
fhuzq;fs; cz;L!
'ijg;nghq;fy;
jpdkhd> ijj;jpq;fs; Kjy; ehs;jhd; jkpoDf;Fupa jkpo;g;
Gj;jhz;Lj; jpdkhFk;!!"
nghq;fy; jpUehs;-jkpo;g; Gj;jhz;Lj; jpUehs;-vd;gjhdJ> rpyu; gpjw;wpj;
jpuptJNghy; ,e;Jf;fspd; tpoh my;y! cz;ikapy; ,J> rka rhu;gw;w> ,aw;if
rhu;e;j> vy;yhj; jkpou;fSf;Fk; nghJthd jpUehshFk;! kw;iwa vy;yhj;
jpUehl;fisAk; vLj;J xg;gpl;Lg; ghu;j;jhy; mq;Nf VjhtJ Xu; murid> tPuid>
flTisf; Fwpg;gpl;l ~fij|
xd;W Gidag;gl;L me;jj; jpUehs; cUthfpajw;fhd fhuzk; xd;Wk;
fw;gpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.
Mdhy; ijg;nghq;fy; jpUehs; mg;gbahd xd;wy;y! mJ thd; rhu;e;J> kz; rhu;e;J>
KOikahd ,aw;if rhu;e;J cUthfpa jpUehshFk;! ,J jkpou;fshd vkf;Fg; ngUikiaAk;
kfpo;r;rpiaAk; jUfp;d;w jpUtpohthFk;! ,j;jpUehisg; Gwk; js;StJk;> ,jw;F kjk;
rhu;e;j fw;gpjq;fis cUthf;FtJk;> jkpopdj;ijf; Nftyg;gLj;Jk; nray;fshFk;!
ijg;nghq;fy; jpUtpohtpw;Fr; rkar; rhak; G+r Kw;gLgtu;fis kiwkiy mbfshUk;
fLikahfr; rhbAs;shu;. ,J Fwpj;j tuyhw;Wg; gjpT xd;iw ,q;Nf Fwpg;gpl
tpUk;Gfpd;Nwhk;.
1935 Mk; Mz;L jpUr;rpapy; mfpyj; jkpou; kfhehL vd;w ngaupy; xU kfhehL
eilngw;wJ. gRkiy NrhkRe;jug; ghujpahu; jiyikapy; eilngw;w ,e;j kfhehl;by;
fh.Rg;gpukzpadhu;> kJiu jkpoNts;> gp.b. ,uhrd;> nj.ngh.kPdhl;rp Re;judhu;>
Gytu; fh.g. rhkp> jpU.tp.f. kiwkiy mbfshu; Kjyhd gy jkpowpQu;fs; fye;J
nfhz;lhu;fs;. je;ij <.nt.uh. ngupahUk; ,e;j kfhehl;by; fye;J nfhz;bUe;jhu;.
,e;j kfhehl;bd; NghJ ijg;nghq;fy; rka tpohth? ,y;iy rkakw;w tpohth? vd;W
gyj;j tpthjk; vOe;jJ. ,Wjpahf> kiwkiy mbfshu; jpl;ltl;lkhff; fPo;tUkhW
$wpdhu;.
'nghq;fiyr;
rka tpoh vd;W nrhy;ypr; ru;r;iriaf; fpsg;gpf; Fog;gk; nra;a ahu; Kad;whYk;
mtu;fs; ,k; khehl;il tpl;L ntspNawp tplNtz;Lk;. ,J rka rhu;G ,y;yhj tpoh!
ve;j rkaj;Jf;fhud;> ve;j rhj;jpuf;fhud; ,e;j tpohit vLj;Js;shd;? ve;jr;
#j;jpuk; ,jw;F ,Uf;fpwJ? ve;j ,jpfhrk; ,jw;F ,Uf;fpwJ? Mdhy; jkpopy;
GwehD}w;wpy;> gpl;lq;nfhw;wd; tuyhw;wpy;> fjg;gps;is rhj;jdhupd; ghlypy;
rhd;W ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,ij vd;Dila mUik ez;gu; <.nt.uh Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhYk; rup>
Vw;Wf;nfhs;shtpl;lhYk; rup"
- vd;W kiwkiy mbfshu; Koq;fpdhu;.
',y;iy
-
ehd; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;"-
vd;W <.nt.uh. ngupahu; njspthfg; gjpYiuj;jhu;. midtUk; ifnahyp vOg;gpdu;.
mjidaLj;J jpU.tp.f. mtu;fs; ,jidg; ghuhl;bg; Ngrpdhu;.
MfNt
ijg;nghq;fy; jpUtpoh vd;gJ xU rka tpoh my;y! jkpoupd; gz;ghl;L tpoh! fhyf;
fzpg;ig Nkw;nfhz;L kpfr; rhpahfj; jkJ Gj;jhz;Lf;Fupa ,sNtdpw; fhyj;jpd;
Kjy;ehis tFj;jwpe;J jkpoupd; jkpo;g; Gj;jhz;L Muk;gj;ijf; nfhz;lhLk; ehs;!
nghq;fy; jpUehSf;F Kjy; ehis ~Nghfp|
(Nghf;fp) vd;W mioj;jhu;fs;.
Nghfp vd;gJ Nghf;F> Nghjy;
vd;gjhFk;. (Xu; Mz;ilg; Nghf;fpaJ- Nghfp -NghfpaJ). ,j; jpdj;jpy; gioa
nghUl;fis vupj;jy;> gioa Fby;fis vupj;jy; Nghd;w eilKiwfs; Nkw;
nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd. (Kd;dhspy; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; gl;b milf;fpd;w taw;Fby;fis
vupf;Fk; gioa eilKiw ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; ,g;NghJ ,e;j eilKiw mUfp tpl;lJ.)
jkpo;g; Gj;jhz;lhd ijg;nghq;fy; jpdkd;W Gj;jhz;Lf;Fupa rfy eilKiwfSk;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. Njhuzk; njhq;ftply;> GJePu; ms;Sjy;> tPl;il moFgLj;jy;>
nghq;fypLjy;> Gj;jhil mzpjy;> ifAiw ngWjy; Nghd;w eilKiwfs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.
ijg;nghq;fy; jpdj;jpw;F mLj;j
ehs; eilngWfpd;w
eilKiwfs; Gj;jhz;bd; njhlf;fj;ij czu itg;gjhf cs;sd. gapu;r; nra;ifapNy
,ize;J njhopw;gLk; khL> jkpouhy; nghq;fypd; kWehs; rpwg;gpf;fg;gl;L mJ
khl;Lg; nghq;fy; jpdkhf mwpag;gl;lJ. mj;Jld; khl;Lg; nghq;fypd; kWehs;>
cwtpdu; tPLfSf;Fr; nry;Yk; eilKiwiaf;
~fhZk; nghq;fy;|
vd;W miog;gu;. ,e;j
ehspy; rikf;fg;gLk; gilaypd; NghJ kJTk;> GyhYk; gilaw; nghUl;fshf Kd;du;
tpsq;fpd. Mupa eilKiwf; fyg;gpdhy; kJTk;> GyhYk; gilaw; nghUl;fspypUe;J
tpyf;fg;gl> jkpoupilNa ,Ue;j jtg;gilay; vd;w eilKiw ,g;NghJ mUfp tpl;lJ.
aho;g;ghzj;jpy;> tlkuhl;rpg; gFjpapy; ijg;nghq;fy; jpdkd;Nw jtg; gilay;
nra;ag;gLk; tof;fkpUe;jJ. ,g;gilaypy; kPd;-,iwr;rp Kjypad gilf;fg;gl;ld.
,j;jpdj;jpy; fiy epfo;Tfs;> muq;Nfw;w epfo;Tfs;> Gj;jhz;Lg; Nghl;bfs; Nghd;w
epfo;r;rpfSk; ,lk;ngWk;.
jkpohz;bd; njhlf;ff; fhyfl;lk; ciog;gpd; gaidg; ngw;W kfpOk; fhyfl;lkhfTk;
mike;jJ. Gj;njhsp toq;fpa fjputidg; Nghw;wpa jkpo; neQ;rk;> ciog;igAk;
jdf;Fj; Jiz epd;w capiuAk; Nghw;wpaJ. fjputdpd; Row;rpiaf; nfhz;l
fhyf;fzpg;igf; fhl;Lk; mwptpaYk;> ed;wpAzu;it ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;w Kjpu;e;j
gz;ghLk; nghq;fy; tpohtpy;; Nghw;wg;gLtij ehk; fhzyhk;.
md;Gf;Fupa thrfu;fNs! ,d;iwa eilKiw ajhh;j;jj;ij Rl;bf;fhl;bj; jh;f;fpf;fNt
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