|
ru;tNjr kfspu; jpdk;
(International Women’s Day)
khu;r; khjk; 8 Mk; jpfjpad;W cynfq;Fk; nfhz;lhlg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. ehLfspdhy;>
muRfspdhy;> nkhopfspdhy;> kjq;fspdhy;> gz;ghLfspdhy;> murpayhy;>
nghUshjhuj;jhy; cynfq;Fk; NtWgl;bUf;Fk; ngz;zpdk;> jk;Kila fle;j fhy cupikg;
Nghuhl;l tuyhw;iw vz;zpg; ghu;j;J xd;wpizAk; jpdk; khu;r; khjk; vl;lhk;
jpfjpahFk;.
Mapuf;fzf;fhd Mz;Lfshfg; ngz;zpdj;jpd; kPJ ,iof;fg;gl;L te;Js;s mePjpf;F
vjpuhd Nghuhl;lk; fle;j njhz;Z}W Mz;Lfshf $u;ikaile;J gy ntw;wpfis mile;jJ
vdyhk;. vdpDk; ngz; tpLjiyf;fhd Nghuhl;lk; ,d;Dk; KOikahd ntw;wpia
ngwtpy;iy. mJ njhlu;;e;Jk; eilngw;W tUfpd;wJ.
~rhjhuzg; ngz;fs;| vd;W fUjg;gLgtu;fs; rhjid gilj;j tuyhw;iwr;
Rl;bf;fhl;LtJjhd; ru;tNjr kfspu; jpdj;jpd; rpwg;ghFk;. cyfpd; gy;NtW
jpirfspy; tho;fpd;w ngz;fs; gy;NtW fhyg;gFjpfspy; jkJ cupikf;fhfTk;>
rkj;Jtj;Jf;fhfTk;> ePjpf;fhfTk;> rkhjhdj;jpw;fhfTk; njhlu;e;J Nghuhb
te;Js;shu;fs;. mnkupf;fh cl;gl x];upah> nld;khu;f;> N[u;kdp> Rtpl;ryhe;J
Nghd;w gy Njrq;fspy; ngz;fs; rk cupikf;fhf> rk Cjpaj;Jf;fhf
NghuhbAs;shu;fs;. 1917 Mk; Mz;L fpl;lj;jl;l ,uz;L kpy;ypad; u];a
,uhZtj;jpdu; nfhy;yg;gl;bUe;j epiyapy; u];;ag; ngz;fs; fpsu;e;njOe;J
elhj;jpa Nghuhl;lk; u];;a [hu;[; kd;diug; gjtp Jwf;f itj;jijAk;> u];;ag;
ngz;fSf;F thf;F mspf;Fk; cupikiaAk; ngw;Wj; je;jijAk; cjhuzkhff; fhl;lyhk;.
,g;gbahfj; njhlu;e;J eilngw;W ngz;fs; Nghuhl;lk; 1945 Mk; Mz;L If;fpa ehLfs;
rigapd; rhrdj;jpy; ngz;fSf;F rk cupikiaAk; mbg;gil kdpj cupikfisAk;
,lk;ngwr;nra;tjw;Fk; top tFj;jJ.
mT];jpNuypahitg; nghWj;j tiuapy; Kjy; Kiwahf 1928 Mk; Mz;L khu;r; khjk; 25
Mk; jpfjpad;W MWM
vd;W miof;fg;gl;l Militant
Women’s Movement
vd;w ,af;fj;jhy; Nguzp xd;W elj;jg;gl;lJ. mg;Nguzpapy; ngz;fSf;Fk; Mz;fisg;
Nghy; rk Cjpak;> vl;L kzp Neu Ntiy kw;Wk; Ntiyj;js trjpfs; vd;w gy
Nfhupf;ifs; tw;GWj;jg;gl;ld.
ru;tNjr kfspu; jpdj;jpd; Clhfg; ngz;zpak;> ngz; tpLjiy> ngz;Zupik Nghd;w
fUj;jhf;fq;fs; tYthf Kd; itf;fg;gl;ld. ,r;re;ju;g;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp
ngz;zpak;> ngz; tpLjiy> ngz;Zupik Nghd;w fUj;JUthf;fq;fs; Fwpj;Jr; rw;W
Mokhfg; ghu;g;gNj ,e;jf; fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhFk;. mJkl;Lky;yhJ
,f;fUj;JUthf;fq;fisg; gd; Kfg;ghu;itfspD}lhfTk; fz;L ju;f;fpf;f
tpiofpd;Nwhk;. MokhdJk;> fbdkhdJkhd ,e;j tplaq;fis ,ad;w tiu
vspikg;gLj;jpr; nrhy;y Kay;fpd;Nwhk;.
Kjypy; ngz;zpaj;jpd; gy mk;rq;fis ftdpg;Nghk;.
Mz;fs; ngw;wpUf;fpd;w rl;lG+u;tkhd cupikfs; ahTk; rkkhfg; ngz;fSf;Fk;
toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;fpd;w Nehf;NfhL vOe;j Kjyhspag; ngz;zpak;;
FLk;gk;> cw;gj;jp Mfpatw;wpd; gpd;dzpapy; cs;s ngz;zbikj; jdj;jpd;
Njhw;wj;ijf; fz;Lzu;e;j khu;f;rpag; ngz;zpak;; je;ij topr;r%f
kjpg;gPLfSf;F vjpuhf ngz;ikapd; jdpj;Jtj;ij cau;j;jpg; gpbj;j jPtpug;
ngz;zpak;;-
,it ahTk; ngz; vd;gjw;F xU rhuhk;rkhd milahsj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;sd. ,jd;gb
clw;$w;iw mbj;jskhf- mjhtJ Biological
Foundation I - mbj;jskhff; nfhz;L
ngz;ZWg;Gf;fisf; nfhz;l midj;J kdpj capupfisg; ngz; vd ,e;jg; ngz;zpaf;
fUj;jhf;fq;fs; milahsk; fz;ld.
,dpr; rw;W rpf;fyhd tplaj;jpw;F
tUNthk;.!
ngz; vd;why; ahu;? ngz; vd;w
nrhy;ypd; nghUs; vd;d?
ve;j xU nrhy;Yf;Fk;> nghUs;
vd;gJ xU jdpj;Jtkhd gz;igf; fhl;Ltjy;y! nrhy; vd;gJ 'xU jdpj;Jtkhd nghUSld;
jPu;khdkhd cwitf; nfhz;Ls;sJ" vd;W nrhy;tijf; fhl;bYk; rpf;fyhd gy gz;Gfspd;
tiyg;gpd;dyhf mJ tpupT ngWfpd;wJ vd;gNj rupahdjhFk;. ,jd; mbg;gilapy;jhd;
ehk; ngz; vd;w nrhy;ypd; fUj;ij mZFtjw;F ngz;zpak;
(Feminism)
vd;gJ ngz;iz Xu; Ma;Tg; nghUshf;fpg;
ghu;f;;fpd;w Nfhl;ghlhFk;.
FEMINISM
vd;fpd;w Mq;fpyr;nrhy; fpgp 19 Mk; E}w;whz;by;jhd; Kjd; Kjyhfg;
gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. 18 Mk; E}w;whz;bNyNa Mq;fhq;F ngz; tpLjiyr; rpe;jid vOr;rp
ngw;wpUe;jJ vd;gJ cz;ikjhd; vd;whYk; ngz;zpak; xU jdpf;Nfhl;ghlhf
tYg;ngw;wJ. 19 Mk; E}w;whz;by;jhd;! ,e;jf; Nfhl;ghl;bd; Njhw;wk; Fwpj;Jk;
,uz;L NtW fUj;Jf;fs; epytp tUfp;d;wd.
Kjyhspj;Jtjw;;F vjpuhf vOe;j khu;f;frpa tu;f;fg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; Mjpf;f
ntwpau;is vjpu;f;Fk; Nehf;fpy; mjd; xU gFjpahf Mzhjpf;fj;jpw;F vjpuhfTk;>
ngz; xLf;FKiwf;F vjpuhfTk; Fuy; vOg;gg;gl;lJ. ,Jjhd; ngz;zpaj;jpd; Ntu;
vd;Wk; ,jpypUe;Jjhd; gpd;du; ngz;zpak; xU jdpf;Nfhl;ghlhf cUthfpaJ vd;Wk;
khu;f;frpag; ngz;zpathjpfs; $Wfpd;whu;fs;.
Mdhy; Pure Feminists
vd;W nrhy;yf; $ba J}a
ngz;zpathjpfs; ,e;jf; fUj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjpy;iy. ,tu;fs; ngz;zpak; vd;gJ 19
Mk; E}w;whz;bd; gpw;gFjpapy; Nkiy ehLfspy; gFj;jwptpd; mbg;gilapy;
Mz;fSf;Fr; rkkhd cupikfis Ntz;b ngz;fs; vOg;gpa Fuypd; Clhfj; Njhw;wk;
ngw;wJ vd;W thjpLfpd;whu;fs;. Njhw;wk; Fwpj;Jf; fUj;J NtWghLfs; ,Ue;jhYk;
ngz;fs; jq;fs; kPJ Vtp tpl;bUe;j mlf;FKiwfSf;F vjpuhf jPu;f;fkhf vOg;gp te;j
FuNy ngz;zpaj;Jf;F vOr;rpA+l;baJ vd;w fUj;jpy; NtWghby;iy.
ngz;zpak; Fwpj;J ,d;Dk; rw;W
Mokhd ghu;itfisf; ftdpg;Nghk;.
ngz;zpa Ma;thsuhd Nfl; kpy;yl;
vd;w ngz;kzp ngz;zbik Fwpj;Jr; rw;W Mokhd fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itj;Js;shu;. cyfk;
KOtJk; ghy;tif vd;gJ Mz; vd;gtd; ngz; vd;gtis mjpfhuk; nra;af;$ba
ghd;ikapy;jhd; mike;Js;sJ. Vndd;why; Mzhjpf;fr; r%fk; tFj;jJjhd; ,e;jg;
ghy;tifg; gpupT vd;gjhFk;. Mz; vd;gtd; jdf;Fupa r%ff; fskhf ,uhZtk;
njhopw;rhiy> murpay;> ePjp> njhopy; El;gk;> fy;tp Nghd;wtw;iw Kd;dNu
njupe;njLj;Jf; nfhz;L jd;id Kjd;ikg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhd;.
ngz;Zf;F ,y;yk; vd;gij cupikahf;fp mjw;Fs; mtsJ ,af;fj;ij ,td;
fl;Lg;gLj;jpdhd;. Mjdhy; r%fj;jpy; ngz;zpd; ,aff;k; Fiwe;jJ. FLk;g mikg;gpy;
mlq;fpf; fplf;Fk; ngz; vd;gts; jdJ r%fj;ij mZFtjw;F mtSf;Ff; fztd; vd;w Jiz
Njitg;gl;lJ. mts; mt;thW fztidr; rhu;e;J epw;Fk;NghJ mtis Rarpe;jid
,y;yhjtshf Mz; kfdpd; ifg;ghitahf cUthf;Ftjw;F Jiz Nghapw;W. ,uz;L ghy;
,dq;fs; ,ilNaahd mjpfhu cwTfs; tsu;e;J ngUFtjw;F FLk;gk; vd;w mikg;Gk;
fhuzkhf mike;jJ.
ghypay; mbg;gilapyhd ngz; mbikj;jdkhdJ> fUj;JUtk;
(IDEOLOGY)>
capupay; (BIOLOGY)>
r%ftpay; (SOCIOLOGICAL)>
tu;f;fk; (CLASS)>
nghUshjhuKk; fy;tpAk; (ECONOMICS AND
EDUCATION)> rf;jp
(FORCE)>
khDltpay; (ANTHOROPOLOGY)>
cstpay;
(PHYCHOLOGY)
vd;W gy epiyfspy; gy;fpg; ngUfpAs;sjhf Nfl; kpy;yl; NkYk; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.
,Jtiu NeuKk; ru;tNjr kfspu; jpdk; Fwpj;Jk; ngz;> kw;Wk; ngz;zpak; vd;git
Fwpj;Jk; Nkiyj;Nja Ma;T Kiwfs; Clhfr; rpy fUj;Jf;fisj; njuptpj;jpUe;Njhk;.
,dp ,it Fwpj;J vkJ jkpo; rKjhaf; fl;likg;gpd; Clhfr; rpy ju;f;fq;fis
Kd;itf;f tpiofpd;Nwhk;.
jkpo; E}y;fspy; kpfg; goik tha;e;jjhff; fUjg;gLfpd;w njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpd;
E}w;ghf;fs; $l ngz;zbikf; fUj;JUthf;fq;fisj;jhd; fhl;b epw;fpd;wd.
njhy;fhg;gpak; Mupau; CLUtiyAk; fhl;b epw;gJ cz;ikjhd; vd;whYk;
njhy;fhg;gpaupd; tiuKiwfs; Mzhjpf;fj;ijAk;> ngz; mbikj;jdj;ijAk;
Vw;Wf;nfhz;bUg;gjhfNt vz;zj; Njhd;Wfpd;wJ. Nkiyj;Nja Ma;Tf;Fr; rhu;ghf
Nkiyj;Nja ehfupf tho;tpw;Fk; Ke;ija fPioj;Nja ehfupfKk; ngz; mbikj;jdj;ij
rhd;W gfUfpd;wJ.
cjhuzkhf njhy;fhg;gpau; Mz; kfdpd; ,ay;igg; gw;wpf; $Wk;NghJ>
~ngUikAk; CuDk; MLc
Nkd|
(njhy;fhg;gpak;-nghUs;-fsT-7)
-vd;W cau;j;jpf; $Wtij ehk; fhzyhk;. Mdhy; mNj njhy;fhg;gpau; ngz;Zf;Fupa
,ay;igg; gw;wpf; $Wk;NghJ>
~mr;rKk; ehzKk; klKk; Ke;Jwy;
epr;rKk; ngz;ghw;
Fupa|
- vd;w NfhL fPwp tiuaiw nra;fpd;whu;. jkpopy; goik tha;e;jjhff; fUjg;gLk;
njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpd; gb Mz; kfd; cuKilatdhfTk; ngUikf;FupatdhfTk;
fhl;lg;gLfpd;whd;. Mdhy; ngz;Nzh mr;rk;> klk;> ehzk; vd;w ,ay;Gfisf; nfhz;L
moFilatshf (The Fair Sex)>
,uf;fk; cilatshf (The Gentle sex)>
nky;ypatshf (the softer sex)>
czu;r;rpia mlf;Fk; Mw;wy; mw;wtshf> nray;jpwd; mw;wtshf
(The weaker sex)
cUtfpf;fg;gLfpd;whs;.
rup ,y;yj;jiytp Fwpj;J njhy;fhg;gpau; vd;d $Wfpd;whu;?
fw;Gk; fhkKk; ew;ghy; xOf;fKk;
nky;ypaw; nghiwAk;
epiwAk;
ty;ypjpd; tpUe;J
Gwe;jUjYk;
Rw;wk; Xk;gYk;
(njhy;fhg;gpk;-nghUs;-fw;G-11)
-vd;W ,y;yj;jiytpia njhy;fhg;gpau; tiuaWf;fpd;whu;.
mjhtJ> ~,y;ywj;jpy; ngz; xU gjptpuijahfTk;> ey;y xOf;fk; cs;stshfTk;>
ngz;ikAk;> nghWikAk;> kdf;fl;Lg;ghL cilatshfTk;> tpUe;J cgrupj;Jr;> Rw;wk;
Xk;Gfpd;wtshfTk; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W njhy;fhg;gpau; $Wfpd;whu;. ,it kl;Lky;y
Neau;fNs> fztd; vd;gtd; kdf;fl;Lg;ghL ,y;yhky; guj;ijau;fsplk;- tpiy
khju;fsplk;- nrd;W tUk;NghJk; mtdJ kidtpahdts; rpupj;j Kfj;Jld; fztid
tuNtw;gtshfj; jd;id cUthf;fpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; njhy;fhg;gpau;
njuptpj;Js;shu;. gy E}w;whz;LfSf;Fg; gpd;du; ,aw;wg;gl;l rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpYk;
,j;jifa fUj;Jf;fs; njhdpg;gij gpd;du; ftdpg;Nghk;.
rup> njhy;fhg;gpaj;ijj; jtpu gpw jkpo; ,yf;fpa E}y;fs; vd;d nrhy;fpd;wd?
cjhuzj;jpw;Fg; GwehD}wpy; xU ghliyg; ghu;g;Nghk;. G+jghz;bad; vd;w murd;
,we;J tpLfpd;whd;. mg;NghJ mtdJ kidtpAk; ehl;bd; murpAkhd mtdJ kidtp
ngUq;Nfhg;ngz;L vd;gts; ,e;jg; ghliyg; ghLfpd;whs;. ,Jtiu fhyKk; te;j
Ma;Tfs; gyTk; fztd; kPJ kidtp nfhz;l caupa md;gpid ,e;jg;ghly; fhl;LtjhfNt
nrhy;yp te;Js;sd. Mdhy; ,e;jg;ghliy xU ngz;zpag; ghu;itA+lhfg;
ghu;f;Fk;NghJjhd; mf;fhyj;Jr; rKjhaf; nfhLikfs; njspthfg; Gyg;gLfpd;wd.
~mdy;tupf; nfhLq;fha; ths; Ngho;e;jpl;l>
fho; Nghdy;tpsu; eW nea; jPz;lhJ>
milapilf; fple;j fopg;gpop gpz;lk;>
nts;sha; rhe;NjhL Gspg;nga;J>
ml;lNtis nte;ij ty;rpahf>
eP guw;nga;
gs;spg;gha; ,d;W tjpAk;|- (GwehD}W 246)
,e;jg;ghlypd; fUj;njd;d?
nts;sup tpij Nghd;w nea;aw;w ePu;r;NrhW> vs;Sj;Jit> Gspiaf; $l;b rikj;j Ntis
,iy Mfpatw;iw cz;Lk;> ghapy;yhky; gUf;iff; fw;fs; Nky; gLj;Jk; ifk;ik Nehw;f
tpUk;Gk; ngz;zy;y ehd;! vdf;F <kj;jPapy; gha;e;J ,wg;gNj NkyhdjhFk;.!
:-vd;gJ ,g;ghlypd; fUj;jhFk;. fztid ,oe;j gpd;G ngz;fs; thOfpd;w tpjit to;T
vt;tsT nfhLikahdJ> fLikahdJ vd;gij ,g;ghlypd; cl;fUj;Jr; nrhy;fpd;wJ my;yth!
jtpuTk; ,g;ghlypy; fztd;-kidtpapd; md;G epiy Fwpj;J xU tupapYk; nrhy;yg;gl
tpy;iy.
ngz;fs; ,t;thW ,wg;gjw;Fg; gioa tpjpKiwfSk; J}z;b tpLfpd;wd. tl ehl;L ~fhrp
fhz;lk;| vd;fpd;w E}y; fPo;tUkhW $Wfpd;wJ.
fztNdhL rjp ,wq;fp capu; ePf;Fk; ngz;> jdJ clk;gpy; cs;s cNuhkq;fs;
xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; Mapuk; Nfhbf;fhyk; ,d;gk; milAk; Ngw;iwg; ngWths;| - ,t;thW
gy %lek;gpf;iffs; rKjhaj;jpy; gug;gg;gl;ld.
,NjNghyNt rpyg;gjpfhuj;ijg; ngz;zpa Nehf;fpy; Ma;T nra;Ak;NghJ gy rKjhaf;
nfhLikfs; Gydhfpd;wd. jdJ fztdhd Nfhtyd; khjtpaplk; nrd;wNghJ mtdJ elj;ij
jtW vd;W fz;zfp Rl;bf; fhl;ltpy;iy. mtd; jdJ nry;tk; ahtw;iwAk; ,oe;jNghJk;
fz;;zfp mtidj; jLf;ftpy;iy. mtd; khjtpia ntWj;Jj; jpUk;gpaNghJ fz;zfp jdJ
rpyk;igf; Nfhtydplk; nfhLj;jhdJ mtdJ nfl;l elj;ijia epahag;gLj;Jtjhf cs;sJ.
mjhtJ fw;Gf;furp vd;gts; jdJ fztd; ve;jj; jtW nra;jhYk; Rl;bf; fhl;lf ;$lhJ.
ngz;zpa Nehf;fpy; ghh;f;Fk;NghJ fz;zfp jd;id mbikahf Ml;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhs;
vd;Wk; MzpDila Nkyhz;ikf;Fj; Jiz epd;whs; vd;Wk; Fw;;wk; rhl;lj;
J}z;Lfpd;wJ.
,NjNghy fz;zfp jdJ fztd; mepahakhff; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhd; vd;gij mwpe;jTld;
tPWnfhz;L vOe;J murdplk; nrd;W thjpl;L ePjpia epiyehl;Lk; NghJ ,q;Nf ,tisg;
ngz; tpopg;Gzu;r;rpf;F tpj;jpLgtshfTk; fhzKbfpd;wJ. ,UNtWgl;l epiyfis ,q;Nf
fhz;fpd;Nwhk;.
,g;gbahf fw;G vd;w nrhy;iy itj;J ngz;iz ,d;dKk; mbikahf;Ffpd;wJ. vkJ
,dk; fw;gpd; ngauhy; fLk; %lek;gpf;iffis kjk; rhu;e;j rlq;F newpfis
gFj;jwpTf;F xt;thj fUj;Jf;fis ,yf;fpa E}y;fSk; Guhz E}y;fSk; gug;gpd.
fw;G vd;gjw;Fg; gytpjkhd nghUs;fs; nrhy;yg;gl;ld. fd;dpikiaf; fhj;jy;>
gjptpujh ju;kj;ijg; NgZjy; vd;w fUj;jhf;fq;fs; gutyhf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. rq;ff;
fhyk; vdf; fUjg;gLk; fhyj;jpy; fw;G vd;gJ fztDf;F cz;ikahf elg;gjhFk;.
gpd;du; te;j Guhz fhyj;jpy; fztdpd; mbik kidtpahths; vd;w fUj;jhf;fk; fw;G
vd;gjd; ngauhy; cUg;ngw;wJ. fw;G vd;w fUj;jhf;fk; ngz;iz mlf;fp mbikg;gLj;jp
clikg; nghUshf;fp ,Ul;Lyfpy; js;sp tpl;lJ vd;w etPdg; ngz;zpathjpfs;
fLikahfr; rhb tUfpd;whu;fs;.
~Mz;-ngz; ,UghyhUk; rup rkkkhd Rje;jpuj;Jld; thoNtz;Lk; vd;w epiyik Vw;gl
Ntz;Lnkd;why; fw;G vd;gjd; mbg;gil ,yl;rpaKk; nfhs;ifAk; khw;wg;gl;L
Mz;-ngz; midtUf;Fk; xNu ePjp Vw;gl Ntz;Lk;| vd;w ngupahupd; fUj;J
ngz;zpaj;jpw;F Vw;w xd;whfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
,d;W cyf ehLfSld; xg;gpl;Lg; ghu;f;Fk;NghJ jkpoPoj;jpy; ngz; tpLjiy vd;gJ
KOikahd tpLjiyia Nehf;fpr; nry;tijg; ngUikAld; fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ. jkpoPor;
Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;lk; ,jw;F mbj;jskhf mike;Js;sJ vd;gJ Kf;fpakhd fhuzkhFk;.
,d;W jkpoPog; ngz;zhdts; jd; kPjhd mbikj;jdj;jpw;F vjpuhfTk; jdJ ,dj;jpd;
kPjhd mbikj; jdj;jpw;F vjpuhfTk; NghuhLfpd;whs;. ,tsJ tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lk;
tpupe;J gue;J ,Ug;gijAk; ehk; mtjhdpf;fpd;Nwhk;.
ngz; tpLjiy Fwpj;J gy
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